Sustainability 2011/12

Glossary

ABF
Aligned Business Framework, Ford’s strategy for working more closely with key suppliers
ACC
Adaptive Cruise Control, a technology that helps drivers maintain a safe distance from the vehicle in front of them
ACH
Automotive Components Holdings, LLC, a Ford-managed temporary business entity comprised of former Visteon Corp. plants and facilities in the United States and Mexico
ADFSO
Aggressive Deceleration Fuel Shut-Off, a technology for improving fuel efficiency
AIAG
Automotive Industry Action Group, a U.S.-based association of automotive OEMs, suppliers and service providers
Annual Report on Form 10-K
An audited annual financial report required by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission containing more detailed information about the Company’s business, finances and management than the annual report
APA
Asia Pacific and Africa, a Ford region
B car
Generic term for a small car (e.g., the size of a Ford Fiesta)
BEV
Battery electric vehicle, a vehicle that has no internal-combustion engine and does not use any onboard gasoline; instead, it runs on a high-voltage electric motor
Biodiesel
A diesel alternative made from vegetable oils obtained from oil seeds, including soy, canola, palm and rapeseed, or from animal fat
Bio-ethanol
A gasoline alternative derived from plant material (e.g., corn, sugar cane, sugar beets)
BLIS
Blind Spot Information System, a technology that uses radar sensors to help inform the driver when a vehicle is detected in the blind spot zone
Blueprint for Sustainability
Several years ago, this term was introduced at Ford to describe the actions we are taking to achieve outstanding fuel economy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from our products. This year, we use the term more broadly to describe our sustainability strategy as a whole, in recognition of the fact that our important sustainability issues are part of a complex system that interconnects our products, plants and people and the communities in which we operate.
BMS
Battery Management System, a Ford technology that improves the efficiency of a vehicle’s electrical system
BPR
Business Plan Review meetings, one of Ford’s key management processes
CAA
U.S. Clean Air Act
CAFE
Corporate Average Fuel Economy, a U.S. regulation requiring auto companies to meet certain sales-weighted average fuel economy levels for passenger cars and light trucks and report these numbers annually
CAMP
Crash Avoidance Metrics Partnership, an association of original equipment manufacturers, suppliers and the U.S. government conducting pre-competitive research on active safety features
Carbon Mitigation Initiative
A research partnership based at Princeton University and supported by BP and Ford
C car
Generic term for a midsize car (e.g., the size of a Ford Focus)
CCX
Chicago Climate Exchange, a greenhouse gas emissions-reduction and trading program for emission sources and projects in North America
CDP
Carbon Disclosure Project, a nonprofit organization to which Ford and other companies report their greenhouse gas emissions and water use
Ceres
A network of investors, environmentalists and other public interest groups that works with companies and investors to address sustainability challenges
CFMA
Changan Ford Mazda Automobile Co., Ltd., one of Ford’s joint ventures in China
CNG
Compressed natural gas, a type of alternative fuel
CO2
Carbon dioxide, a primary greenhouse gas
DfE
Design for Environment, a tool for bridging the gap between product development and environmental management
DfS
Design for Sustainability, a tool similar to DfE but broader in scope
DOE
U.S. Department of Energy
E85
A fuel blend of 85 percent bio-ethanol and 15 percent gasoline
EcoBoost®
Ford engine technology that uses turbocharging, direct injection and reduced displacement to increase fuel economy and performance while reducing CO2 emissions
ECOnetic
A line of European Ford model vehicles with reduced CO2 emissions
Electrification
The process of developing the technology and infrastructure necessary to replace traditional oil-based vehicle fuels with electricity
ELV
End-of-life vehicle; an EU Directive requires manufacturers to take back ELVs and ensure environmentally sound recycling and disposal
Environmental aspects
The elements of an organization’s activities, products and services that can interact with the environment
EOS
Ford’s Environmental Operating System, which is integrated with ISO 14001 and used for driving environmental compliance
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency, a U.S. government agency
EPAS
Electric power assisted steering, a technology that boosts fuel economy and decreases CO2 emissions
ERGs
Ford’s Employee Resource Groups, affinity networks at the Company that help to foster diversity and inclusion
ESI
Employee Satisfaction Index, eight questions on Ford’s annual Pulse survey of employees
EU
European Union
Euro 4 and Euro 5
Europe’s tailpipe emissions standards; the Euro 5 standard is currently being phased in
EV
Electrified vehicle, a generic term for any vehicle that is powered – at least in part – by an electric motor
FCV
Fuel cell vehicle, a vehicle that uses an onboard fuel cell to create electrical power through a chemical reaction based on hydrogen fuel
FDSFL
Ford Driving Skills for Life, Ford’s driver education program
FFV
Flexible fuel vehicle, a vehicle that can be run on any blend of unleaded gasoline with up to 85 percent ethanol
Flexible manufacturing
The use of common platforms and shared manufacturing technologies that allow a single plant to make multiple models and switch relatively rapidly between them, allowing faster response to changing customer demand
FoE
Ford of Europe, a Ford region
FPS
Ford Production System, a continuously improving, lean, flexible and disciplined common global production system
Fuel cell
A type of power plant that generates electricity by combining oxygen and hydrogen, and can be used in different sizes and configurations to power vehicles or buildings
Fuel economy
The distance that can be traveled on a single gallon of fuel
Fuel efficiency
The amount of fuel (in ton-miles-per-gallon) needed to move a vehicle of a certain weight a certain distance
GEM
Ford’s Global Emissions Manager database, used for measuring, monitoring and recording environmental data
GHG
Greenhouse gas, for example carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and water vapor
GMAP
Ford’s Global Material Approval Process, a materials management process
GMIR
Ford’s Global Material Integration and Reporting system, a materials tracking tool used by our engineers and suppliers
GMIR
Ford’s Global Material Integration and Reporting system, a materials tracking tool used by our engineers and suppliers
Go Further
Ford’s new global brand promise to express what we stand for as a Company
GPDS
Global Product Development System, Ford’s system for integrating product development with manufacturing
GRI
Global Reporting Initiative, a multistakeholder process and independent institution whose mission is to develop and disseminate globally applicable sustainability reporting guidelines
GTDI
Gasoline turbocharged direct injection
HEV
Hybrid electric vehicle; a full hybrid can run exclusively on battery power, exclusively on gas power or on a combination of both
IIHS
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, a U.S.-based nonprofit organization
IMDS
International Material Data System, a materials reporting system used by multiple automakers
ISO 14001
The leading global environmental management system standard, developed by the International Organization for Standardization
JDRF
The leading global organization focused on type 1 diabetes research
JMC
Jiangling Motors Corporation, Ltd., one of Ford’s joint ventures in China
LEAD
Ford’s Leadership Education for Automotive Dealerships program
LEED
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, the “green building” rating system of the U.S. Green Building Council
LEV
Low Emission Vehicle, a level of standards for tailpipe emissions (hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen) enforced in California and states that have adopted California standards
LEV program
The unique vehicle emissions program adopted by California for the control of tailpipe and evaporative emissions that provides several sets of emissions standards
Lifecycle assessment
Process of assessing the environmental, social and economic impacts of a product system over its entire lifecycle, from cradle to grave, including material production, product manufacture, product use, product maintenance and disposal at end of life
LPG
Liquefied petroleum gas (also known as propane or Autogas), a type of alternative fuel
MAP
Michigan Assembly Plant, a Ford facility that is being transformed from a large SUV factory into a modern, flexible small-car plant
Materiality
Materiality as used in this sustainability report does not share the meaning assigned to this concept for purposes of financial reporting. For the purposes of this report, we consider material information to be that which is of greatest interest to, and which has the potential to affect the perception of, those stakeholders who wish to make informed decisions and judgments about the Company’s commitment to environmental, social and economic progress.
MPGe
A mile-per-gallon equivalency metric for electrified vehicles
MQL
Ford’s Minimum Quantity Lubricant machining process
MY
Model Year, the manufacturer’s annual production period which includes January 1 of the calendar year. For example, production of 2012 model year vehicles might begin in June 2011 and end in May 2012, but could start as early as January 2, 2011, and end as late as December 2012. We report fuel economy by model year because that is how it is reported to government agencies, and therefore, this data corresponds to what is available in the public domain.
NADA
National Automobile Dealers Association, an industry association of car and truck dealers
NCAP
New Car Assessment Program, a term commonly used to denote an official, independent vehicle testing and/or rating system. Separate NCAPs now exist in the United States, Europe, Australia, China, and Central and South America.
NGO
Nongovernmental organization
NHTSA
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, a U.S. government agency
NMOG
Non-methane organic gases
NOV
Notice of violation (e.g., from a regulatory agency)
NPRI
National Pollutant Release Inventory (Canada), similar to U.S. TRI
OEM
Original equipment manufacturer
OHS policy
Ford’s Occupational Health and Safety policy
ONE Ford
Ford’s accelerated restructuring plan; One Team unified in pursing One Plan to deliver One Goal: An exciting, viable Ford
OSRP
Occupant Safety Research Partnership, a group within the U.S. Council for Automotive Research that researches and develops advanced crash-test dummies and other pre-competitive safety systems
PAS
Ford’s Partnership for Advanced Studies, our flagship education program
PDGs
Public Domain Guidelines, internal Ford guidelines that focus on ensuring that our vehicles earn top marks in public domain assessments
PHEV
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, a vehicle similar to an HEV in that it is equipped with both an electric battery and a gas-powered engine; however, PHEVs are equipped with a high-capacity battery that can be charged from an ordinary household socket
PowerShift
Ford’s fuel-efficiency-boosting, six-speed, dual-clutch transmission system
PPA
Public-Private Alliance for Responsible Mineral Trade, a joint initiative among governments, companies and civil society to support supply chain solutions to conflict minerals challenges
PSI
Product Sustainability Index, a tool used by Ford of Europe to incorporate lifecycle analysis into product development
Pulse survey
Ford’s annual, voluntary survey of salaried-employee satisfaction
PZEV
Partial Zero Emission Vehicle, a vehicle standard that is part of the LEV II Program
QOS
Ford’s global Quality Operating System, used in our manufacturing to develop, measure and continuously improve robust processes
REACH
Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemical Substances (EU legislation)
REEs
Rare earth elements, a suite of mined materials widely used in consumer and automotive electronics
RFS
Renewable Fuel Standard, a provision within the U.S. Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 requiring a significant increase in the use of biofuels
RSC
Roll Stability Control®, Ford’s electronic stability control system
SDGs
Safety Design Guidelines, Ford’s stringent internal engineering design targets
SHARP audits
Ford’s Safety and Health Assessment Review Process audits
Six-speed transmission
A transmission using six gears, for improved fuel economy compared to typical four-speed transmissions
SQDCPME Scorecard
A scorecard that helps us keep focused on the vital components of a sustainable business: Safety, Quality, Delivery, Cost, People, Maintenance and Environment
Stakeholder
Anyone who is impacted or believes they are impacted by the operations or practices of the Company, including customers, employees, business partners, shareholders, governments, communities and nongovernmental organizations. Some also consider the environment a stakeholder.
Sustainability
A business model that creates value consistent with the long-term preservation and enhancement of environmental, social and financial capital. Also, meeting the needs of the present without compromising the future.
Sustainable Technologies and Alternative Fuels Plan
Ford’s product strategy, outlining the near-, mid- and long-term steps we are taking to develop and deploy vehicle and fuel technologies to implement our blueprint for sustainability
SUMURR
Sustainable Urban Mobility with Uncompromised Rural Reach, a pilot program recently launched in India that is finding ways to use Ford vehicles and connected technologies to address critical social needs, such as health care
SUV
Sport utility vehicle
SULEV
Super Ultra-Low Emission Vehicle, a level of standards for tailpipe emissions enforced in California and states that have adopted California standards
Tank-to-wheels CO2 emissions
A subset of well-to-wheels CO2 emissions; includes the CO2 generated by burning the fuel in the vehicle
TCR
The Climate Registry, a voluntary carbon-emissions reporting project
TGW
“Things gone wrong,” a metric measured by the GQRS
Tier 1 Suppliers
Suppliers sourcing directly to our assembly plants
Tier 2 Suppliers
Suppliers not sourcing directly to our assembly plants
Tier 2 Emissions Standards
The U.S. federal program, starting with the 2004 model year, to control vehicle emissions standards
TRI
Toxics Release Inventory, an inventory of releases and transfers of certain chemicals that are required to be reported to the U.S. government
TÜV Rheinland
A German-based product-testing company
UAW
The International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America
UNGC
United Nations Global Compact, a global policy initiative through which business agree to align their operations with 10 principles in the areas of human rights, labor, environment and anti-corruption
URP
University Research Program, a Ford program for collaborating with researchers at more than 100 universities worldwide
USCAP
U.S. Climate Action Partnership, a group of businesses and environmental organizations promoting national legislation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
V2I
Vehicle-to-infrastructure communications, technologies that enable vehicles to “talk” to roadway infrastructure (such as traffic lights) via advanced Wi-Fi signals or dedicated short-range communications
V2V
Vehicle-to-vehicle communications, technologies that enable vehicles to “talk” to each other via advanced Wi-Fi signals or dedicated short-range communications
VEBA
Voluntary Employee Benefit Association trust, an independent trust designed to ensure health care coverage for current and future Ford employees
VIAQ specifications
Ford’s Vehicle Interior Air Quality specifications, which require the consideration of the air-quality and allergen impacts of the materials and components in our vehicles
VOCs
Volatile organic compounds, compounds that vaporize (become a gas) at relatively low temperature
WBCSD
World Business Council for Sustainable Development
Well-to-tank CO2 emissions
A subset of well-to-wheels CO2 emissions; measures the CO2 generated by excavating the feedstocks and producing and distributing the fuel or electricity
Well-to-wheels CO2 emissions
Accounts for emissions from the vehicle itself, as well as CO2 emissions resulting from the production and distribution of fuel
WET
Water Estimation Tool, a Ford software program that helps facilities to predict their water usage
WHO
World Health Organization, the international organization providing leadership on global health matters
WRI
World Resources Institute, a U.S.-based nonprofit organization
ZEV
Zero Emission Vehicle, the lowest level of standards for vehicle emissions enforced in California and states that have adopted California standards