Glossary

5- to 6-speed + ASC
5- to 6-speed advanced series compensated transmission
ABF
Aligned Business Framework, Ford's strategy for working more closely with key suppliers
ACC
Adaptive Cruise Control, a technology that helps drivers maintain a safe distance from the vehicle in front of them
ACEA
European Automobile Manufacturers' Association (Association des Constructeurs Européens d'Automobiles)
ACH
Automotive Components Holdings, LLC, a Ford-managed temporary business entity comprised of former Visteon Corp. plants and facilities in the United States and Mexico
ADFSO
Aggressive Deceleration Fuel Shut-Off, a technology for improving fuel efficiency
Aero
Aerodynamics
AFLS
Adaptive Front Lighting System, Ford's advanced swiveling headlight system
AIAG
Automotive Industry Action Group, a U.S.-based association of automotive OEMs, suppliers and service providers
ANCAP
Australasian New Car Assessment Program, a vehicle safety testing organization supported by the New Zealand government and Australian state governments
ANCIS
Australian National Crash In-depth Study, of which Ford is a founding member
Annual Report on Form 10-K
An audited annual financial report required by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission containing more detailed information about the Company's business, finances and management than the annual report
B car
Generic term for a small car (e.g., the size of a Ford Fiesta)
BEV
Battery electric vehicle, a vehicle that has no internal-combustion engine and does not use any onboard gasoline; instead, it runs on a high-voltage electric motor
Biodiesel
A diesel alternative made from vegetable oils obtained from oil seeds, including soy, canola, palm and rapeseed, or from animal fat
Bio-ethanol
A gasoline alternative derived from plant material (e.g., corn, sugar cane, sugar beets)
Blueprint for sustainability
The name of this report and, more specifically, Ford's strategy for meeting our goal of reducing our U.S. and EU new vehicle CO2 emissions by 30 percent by the year 2020, compared to a 2006 model year baseline
BMS
Battery Management System, a Ford technology that improves the efficiency of a vehicle's electrical system
CAA
U.S. Clean Air Act
CAFE
Corporate Average Fuel Economy, a U.S. regulation requiring auto companies to meet certain sales-weighted average fuel economy levels for passenger cars and light trucks and report these numbers annually
CAMP
Crash Avoidance Metrics Partnership, an association of original equipment manufacturers, suppliers and the U.S. government conducting pre-competitive research on active safety features
Carbon Mitigation Initiative
A research partnership based at Princeton University and supported by BP and Ford
CAW
National Automobile, Aerospace, Transportation and General Workers Union of Canada
CBWC
Ford's Code of Basic Working Conditions, which articulates our commitments on key human rights and labor rights issues
C car
Generic term for a midsize car (e.g., the size of a Ford Focus)
CCX
Chicago Climate Exchange, a greenhouse gas emissions-reduction and trading program for emission sources and projects in North America
Ceres
A network of investors, environmentalists and other public interest groups that works with companies and investors to address sustainability challenges
CFMA
Changan Ford Mazda Automobile Co., Ltd., one of Ford's joint ventures in China
CO2
Carbon dioxide, a primary greenhouse gas
DfE
Design for Environment, a tool for bridging the gap between product development and environmental management
DfS
Design for Sustainability, a tool similar to DfE but broader in scope
DOE
U.S. Department of Energy
DSFL
Driving Skills for Life, Ford's driver education program
E85
A fuel blend of 85 percent bio-ethanol and 15 percent gasoline
EcoBoost™
Ford engine technology that uses turbocharging, direct injection and reduced displacement to increase fuel economy and performance while reducing CO2 emissions
ECOnetic
A line of European Ford model vehicles with reduced CO2 emissions
Electrification
The process of developing the technology and infrastructure necessary to replace traditional oil-based vehicle fuels with electricity
ELV
End-of-life vehicle; an EU Directive requires manufacturers to take back ELVs and ensure environmentally sound recycling and disposal
Environmental aspects
The elements of an organization's activities, products and services that can interact with the environment
EOS
Ford's Environmental Operating System, which is integrated with ISO 14001 and used for driving environmental compliance
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency, a U.S. government agency
EPAS
Electric power assisted steering, a technology that boosts fuel economy and decreases CO2 emissions
ESI
Employee Satisfaction Index, eight questions on Ford's annual Pulse survey of employees
ETS
The EU's Emission Trading Scheme
EU
European Union
Euro 4 and Euro 5
Europe's tailpipe emissions standards; the Euro 5 standard is currently being phased in
EuroNCAP
European New Car Assessment Programme, a vehicle safety testing organization based in Belgium and backed by seven European governments and the European Commission
EV
Electrified vehicle, a generic term for any vehicle that is powered – at least in part – by an electric motor
FCV
Fuel cell vehicle, a vehicle that uses an onboard fuel cell to create electrical power through a chemical reaction based on hydrogen fuel
FFV
Flexible fuel vehicle, a vehicle that can be run on any blend of unleaded gasoline with up to 85 percent ethanol
Flexible manufacturing
The use of common platforms and shared manufacturing technologies that allow a single plant to make multiple models and switch relatively rapidly between them, allowing faster response to changing customer demand
Fuel cell
A type of power plant that generates electricity by combining oxygen and hydrogen, and can be used in different sizes and configurations to power vehicles or buildings
Fuel economy
The distance that can be traveled on a single gallon of fuel
Fuel efficiency
The amount of fuel (in ton-miles-per-gallon) needed to move a vehicle of a certain weight a certain distance
GEM
Ford's Global Emissions Manager database, used for measuring, monitoring and recording environmental data
GHG
Greenhouse gas, for example carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and water vapor
GMAP
Ford's Global Material Approval Process, a materials management process
GMIR
Ford's Global Material Integration and Reporting system, a materials tracking tool used by our engineers and suppliers
GQRS
Global Quality Research System, a study conducted quarterly for Ford by the RDA Group, a market research and consulting firm
GRI
Global Reporting Initiative, a multistakeholder process and independent institution whose mission is to develop and disseminate globally applicable sustainability reporting guidelines
GRSI
Global Road Safety Initiative, a joint industry association funding road safety projects in developing countries
GTDI
Gasoline turbocharged direct injection
GTR
Global Technical Regulations, safety regulations being developed that harmonize U.S. and European regulatory requirements
HEV
Hybrid electric vehicle; a full hybrid can run exclusively on battery power, exclusively on gas power or on a combination of both
H2ICE
Hydrogen internal-combustion engine, an engine that uses the same basic technology as gasoline-powered ICEs but runs on hydrogen fuel
ICE
Internal-combustion engine, an engine powered by fuel ignited (by either spark or compression) inside a cylinder
IIHS
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, a U.S.-based nonprofit organization
IMDS
International Material Data System, a materials reporting system used by multiple automakers
ISO 14001
The leading global environmental management system standard, developed by the International Organization for Standardization
JDRF
Juvenile Diabetes Research Fund, a nonprofit organization to which Ford contributes funding and support
JMC
Jiangling Motors Corporation, Ltd., one of Ford's joint ventures in China
LEAD
Ford's Leadership Education for Automotive Dealerships program
LEED
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, the "green building" rating system of the U.S. Green Building Council
LEV
Low Emission Vehicle, a level of standards for tailpipe emissions (hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen) enforced in California and states that have adopted California standards
LEV program
The unique vehicle emissions program adopted by California for the control of tailpipe and evaporative emissions that provides several sets of emissions standards
Lifecycle assessment
Process of assessing the environmental, social and economic impacts of a product system over its entire lifecycle, from cradle to grave, including material production, product manufacture, product use, product maintenance and disposal at end of life
Materiality
Materiality as used in this sustainability report does not share the meaning assigned to this concept for purposes of financial reporting. For the purposes of this report, we consider material information to be that which is of greatest interest to, and which has the potential to affect the perception of, those stakeholders who wish to make informed decisions and judgments about the Company's commitment to environmental, social and economic progress.
MAV
Multi-activity vehicle
MQL
Ford's Minimum Quantity Lubricant machining process
MY
Model Year, the manufacturer's annual production period which includes January 1 of the calendar year. For example, production of 2009 model year vehicles might begin in June 2008 and end in May 2009, but could start as early as January 2, 2008, and end as late as December 2009. We report fuel economy by model year because that is how it is reported to government agencies, and therefore, this data corresponds to what is available in the public domain.
NADA
National Automobile Dealers Association, an industry association of car and truck dealers
NCAP
New Car Assessment Program, the U.S. government's safety testing program
NGO
Nongovernmental organization
NHTSA
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, a U.S. government agency
NMOG
Non-methane organic gases
NOV
Notice of violation (e.g., from a regulatory agency)
NPRI
National Pollutant Release Inventory (Canada), similar to U.S. TRI
NSC
National Safety Council, a U.S.-based nonprofit organization
NV opt
Optimization of the engine speed (N) and vehicle speed (v) ratio
OEM
Original equipment manufacturer
OHS policy
Ford's Occupational Health and Safety policy
ONE Ford
Ford's accelerated restructuring plan; One Team unified in pursing One Plan to deliver One Goal: An exciting, viable Ford
OSRP
Occupant Safety Research Partnership, a group within the U.S. Council for Automotive Research that researches and develops advanced crash-test dummies and other pre-competitive safety systems
PAS
Ford's Partnership for Advanced Studies, our flagship education program
PDGs
Public Domain Guidelines, internal Ford guidelines that focus on ensuring that our vehicles earn top marks in public domain assessments
PHEV
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, a vehicle similar to an HEV in that it is equipped with both an electric battery and a gas-powered engine; however, PHEVs are equipped with a high-capacity battery that can be charged from an ordinary household socket
PowerShift
Ford's fuel-efficiency-boosting, six-speed, dual-clutch transmission system
PSI
Product Sustainability Index, a tool used by Ford of Europe to incorporate lifecycle analysis into product development
Pulse survey
Ford's annual, voluntary survey of salaried-employee satisfaction
PZEV
Partial Zero Emission Vehicle, a vehicle standard that is part of the LEV II Program
REACH
Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemical Substances (EU legislation)
RFS
Renewable Fuel Standard, a provision within the U.S. Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 requiring a significant increase in the use of biofuels
RSC
Roll Stability Control®, Ford's electronic stability control system
SDGs
Safety Design Guidelines, Ford's stringent internal engineering design targets
SHARP audits
Ford's Safety and Health Assessment Review Process audits
Six-speed transmission
A transmission using six gears, for improved fuel economy compared to typical four-speed transmissions
Stakeholder
Anyone who is impacted or believes they are impacted by the operations or practices of the Company, including customers, employees, business partners, shareholders, governments, communities and nongovernmental organizations. Some also consider the environment a stakeholder.
Sustainability
A business model that creates value consistent with the long-term preservation and enhancement of environmental, social and financial capital. Also, meeting the needs of the present without compromising the future.
Sustainable Technologies and Alternative Fuels Plan
Ford's product strategy, outlining the near-, mid- and long-term steps we are taking to develop and deploy vehicle and fuel technologies to implement our blueprint for sustainability
SUV
Sport utility vehicle
SULEV
Super Ultra-Low Emission Vehicle, a level of standards for tailpipe emissions enforced in California and states that have adopted California standards
Tank-to-wheels CO2 emissions
A subset of well-to-wheels CO2 emissions; includes the CO2 generated by burning the fuel in the vehicle
TCR
The Climate Registry, a voluntary carbon-emissions reporting project
TGW
"Things gone wrong," a metric measured by the GQRS
Tier 1 Suppliers
Suppliers sourcing directly to our assembly plants
Tier 2 Suppliers
Suppliers not sourcing directly to our assembly plants
Tier 2 Emissions Standards
The U.S. federal program, starting with the 2004 model year, to control vehicle emissions standards
Tire
Optimized tire rolling resistance and pressure
TRI
Toxics Release Inventory, an inventory of releases and transfers of certain chemicals that are required to be reported to the U.S. government
TÜV Rheinland
A German-based product-testing company
UAW
The International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America
UNGC
United Nations Global Compact, a global policy initiative through which business agree to align their operations with 10 principles in the areas of human rights, labor, environment and anti-corruption
URP
University Research Program, a Ford program for collaborating with researchers at more than 100 universities worldwide
USCAP
U.S. Climate Action Partnership, a group of businesses and environmental organizations promoting national legislation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
VEBA
Voluntary Employee Benefit Association trust, an independent trust designed to ensure health care coverage for current and future Ford employees
VOCs
Volatile organic compounds, compounds that vaporize (become a gas) at relatively low temperature
WBCSD
World Business Council for Sustainable Development
Well-to-tank CO2 emissions
A subset of well-to-wheels CO2 emissions; measures the CO2 generated by excavating the feedstocks and producing and distributing the fuel or electricity
Well-to-wheels CO2 emissions
Accounts for emissions from the vehicle itself, as well as CO2 emissions resulting from the production and distribution of fuel
WET
Water Estimation Tool, a Ford software program that helps facilities to predict their water usage
WHC
Wildlife Habitat Council, a U.S.-based nonprofit organization
WHO
World Health Organization, the international organization providing leadership on global health matters
WILD
Water Ideas to Lessen Demand, Ford's list of practical ideas for reducing water use
WRI
World Resources Institute, a U.S.-based nonprofit organization
ZEV
Zero Emission Vehicle, the lowest level of standards for vehicle emissions enforced in California and states that have adopted California standards

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