Responding to Consumer Demands

Advanced gasoline vehicles

Incremental improvements in efficiency are being achieved via advances such as: six-speed transmissions, variable displacement engines, direct injection, variable cam timing, variable compression ratio

• Reliable and familiar to consumers
• Compatible with ethanol fuel blends up to 10%
• Approaching near-zero emissions

• Fuel economy tradeoffs required to comply with increasingly stringent emissions and safety standards
• Cost-effectiveness of incremental technologies

E85 Flex Fuel

Over 5 million E85 FFVs on the road today in the United States but fewer than 800 E85 stations

• Promotes energy security and fuel diversity
• Agricultural-based renewable fuel
• Offers fuel flexibility for customers
• Little or no incremental cost to customers

• Limited fueling infrastructure
• Customer acceptance of fuel
• Fuel system components more expensive than gasoline

Advanced technology diesel

All Ford diesel applications can use 5% biodiesel blends.
Low NOx levels may be achieved with urea co-fueling

• Significant increase in fuel economy (20–30%)
• Higher performance, less noise and odor
• Improved emissions
• Ample refueling infrastructure

• Lingering public perception
• Meeting stringent U.S. emissions standards
• Fuel-quality improvements (low sulfur, cetane)
• Higher incremental cost

Hybrid electric

Wide variety of hybrid technologies exists across the industry (mild to full). Hybrids currently represent slightly more than 1% of total U.S. vehicle sales

• Significant increases in fuel economy
• Uses existing fueling infrastructure
• Can achieve near-zero emission levels
• Full-hybrid technology is most effective in city and stop-and-go driving

• Incremental cost for hybrid option
• Component supply base
• Application to broader vehicle segments (i.e., trucks, larger SUVs)
• Customer acceptance/value

Hydrogen internal-combustion (H2ICE)

Ford is a leader in the design and development of hydrogen-fueled internal-combustion engines.
Ford's first E-450 shuttle bus will be delivered in 2006 for fleet use and field testing/experience.

• Bridge technology toward fuel cells
• Near-zero emissions levels
• Accelerates resolution of key barriers to fuel cell success
• Drives development of hydrogen fuel infrastructure

• On-board hydrogen fuel storage
• Limited driving range
• Hydrogen infrastructure is in its infancy
• Lack of uniform codes and standards

Fuel cell

U.S. Department of Energy demonstration projects are underway.
Commercial readiness not expected before 2015 (concurrent with the timeline for fuel cell commercialization reported by the U.S. Department of Energy)

• Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV)
• Breakthrough performance in energy efficiency
• Hydrogen can be derived from multiple sources
• Promotes long-term renewable fuel vision

• Extremely high cost of technology
• On-board hydrogen fuel storage
• Hydrogen infrastructure is in its infancy
• Lack of uniform codes and standards
• Sourcing hydrogen from renewable energy